Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord from the World Political Economy (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984), 8. control over the others," or with "a case . . . where noneconomic resources were applied solely in pursuit of values that could not be exchanged on a market, such as status, or power itself. This kind of a situation would be 'pure politics.'"2 Keohane went on to add that "attempts to separate a sphere of actual activity, known as 'economics,' from another sphere of genuine activity, referred to as 'politics,' are doomed to frustration and failure.
"3 Gilpin available an interpretation of the term "international regime," which even though broader, does not necessarily conflict on the views of Keohane. Gilpin said that control "over or governance in the international method is often a functionality of 3 factors."4 These 3 causes are, in accordance with Gilpin, the distribution of power between political coalitions, the hierarchy of prestige between states, and the set of rights and rules that govern or at least influence interactions among states.5 Gilpin said that control from the distribution of power has, throughout history, been characterized by: (1) hegemony or imperialism, in which one strong state "dominates the lesser states in the system"; (2) bipolarity, where "two powerful states manage . . . interactions inside and between their respective spheres of influence"; and "a balance of power OPEC clearly demonstrated that its international economic regime could purpose effectively with no the help with the dominant international political powers, as lengthy as international economic conditions remained favorable.
The economic recession which affected most from the western industrialized nations within the early1980s, together with energy conservation measures introduced in these countries, however, led to significant deteriorations in the effectiveness of OPEC as an international regime.
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