DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones make of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. habituated to each sugar is one of cardinal types of molecules called nucleobases (bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA in a process called transcription.
inside cells DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes.
During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. eucaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell centre and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.[1] In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones jam and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping examine which parts of the DNA are transcribedIf you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my essay .
No comments:
Post a Comment