Non-Literate Cultures- Arunta & Eskimos

Temperatures range from 115 scores in the shade to below freezing at night. The Arunta atomic number 18 erratic hunters and gatherers and game and vegetable foods be usually in bully supply.

Eskimos (or Inuit, in their own terminology) inhabit the Arctic and, principally, the sub-Arctic region in Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Siberia. They harp on the tundra, where the ground remains permanently fixed with the exception of a a few(prenominal) months in summer when several(prenominal) inches of topsoil thaw enough to permit the senesceth of low bushes and another(prenominal) plants. The inhabited areas are low and flat and generally covered with snow and ice. Fishing in rivers and inquisition caribou can be a major or a minor aspect of slightly Eskimos' food supplies. But the absolute majority live from the sea, hunting whales, seals, walrus and sea birds. Eskimos generally live in large groups during the winters and break into smaller familial hunting parties during the summers.

The Arunta, like every Aboriginal group in Australia, consent a very complicated system of kinship that defines the spirit of "the relationship of every unmarried to every other individual member of the tribe" and to every other individual with whom a tribe member may potentially have amicable relations (Montagu 23). The Arunta, like every tribe, belong to totemic clans. The Arunta government of the totemic groups is not, as it is in so many other Aborigine

The nature of these subsistence economies dictates some similarities, such as the early participation of children in the plow of the family. The fact that both peoples are semi-nomadic and live in uncongenial settings also even offs the spread of relationships important because of the dangers and difficulties of travel. In addition, of course, the harsh conditions, make it essential that the definition of those who have obligations for basic support of others be tightly drawn so that from each one member of each group knows who he or she is obliged to assist.

The one watching of massive importance to the Eskimos is the assigning of the atiq to babies when they are a few days old.

The atiq is the child's "soul," generally the spirit of "an old relative who has died, often a grandparent or great-uncle or aunt" (Brody 137). formerly it has been given its atiq the child is simultaneously himself or herself and the person whom the parents wonder and wish to immortalize. This belief that the child is both people has an enormous effect on the manner in which children are treated. frankincense both persons can decide for themselves when they wish to go to seat or what they do not want to eat. Even criticise of the child or elder "is felt to be busybodied or wrong" (Brody 139).

Brody, Hugh. Living Arctic: Hunters of the Canadian North. Seattle: U of Washington P, 1987.

Despite the fact that children are not immediately disciplined and learn only from the example of parents and elder siblings they grow up fast and display "a high degree of discipline, self-reliance and psychological wellbeing" (Brody 141). The children are active members of the family economy, connexion in hunting, gathering and manufacture of goods by the time they are nine or ten.

Marriage confers a number of new(a) responsibilities on the parties and is viewed as a social and an economic arrangement. Women are essential, of course, to procreation which has several social and economic roles. Aside from the co
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